Friday, December 9, 2011

Indochina meeting urges UXO clearance to boost development

Attapeu province: Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam are set to increase cooperation in landmine clearance in their border areas, to encourage growth in the Development Triangle Zone.

The Security and Foreign Affairs Sub-Committee of the Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam Development Triangle Zone yesterday agreed to highlight the importance of UXO clearance for bringing investment and development projects to the area, at the Ministerial Conference on Development of the Triangle Zone.


According to UXO Laos, provinces along the Lao, Cambodian and Vietnamese borders were some of the most heavily affected areas during the peak bombing periods of the Indochina War in the 1960s and 1970s. It’s estimated that around 30 percent of the bombs dropped didn’t explode, leaving behind a deadly legacy and a major obstacle to development in the region.

The 7th ministerial conference on developing the 13 Lao, Cambodian and Vietnamese border provinces, starting today in Attapeu province, is expected to include discussions on UXO removal.

The meeting will also discuss trade, investment and tourism as well as social, environmental and cultural cooperation in a bid to boost development in an area categorised as one of the poorest in the region.
According to the CLV Security and Foreign Affairs Sub-Committee, another major issue facing the three countries is the need to enhance cooperation in combating drug trafficking, to ensure the peace and security necessary to attract trade and investment.

The Economic Sub-Committee of the Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam Development Triangle Zone also met yesterday to discuss measures to boost trade and investment in the border area.

According to the meeting secretariat, participants emphasised the need for the three countries to strengthen cooperation and coordination in promoting trade, investment and tourism.

Meeting participants urged the three governments to speed up the implementation of Japan-funded development projects so they can begin discussions with the Japanese government on bringing new cooperation projects to the area.

In 1999 Japan set up a development fund of US$20 million for Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam to develop infrastructure in the Development Triangle Zone.

The Socio-Environment Sub-Committee also met yesterday to discuss cultural, education and environmental cooperation. Laos proposed that Champassak University be adopted as the regional educational institute.

The university would offer a curriculum in all three languages of the Zone and would provide the personnel needed to meet the demands of development.

Meanwhile, the Provincial Coordination Sub-Committee wants the three governments to speed up road construction in the Zone and to open more border crossings to facilitate trade, investment and tourism.
The Senior Officials’ Meeting opened under the chairmanship of Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Bounkeuth Sangsomsak and his Cambodian and Vietnamese counterparts to discuss the comments of the sub-committees before submitting the issues for discussion at the ministerial conference today.

Source: Vientiane Times
December 09, 2011

Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Trainees are new hope for UXO clearance

The clearance of unexploded ordnance (UXO) could soon move faster, following a special training session taking place in Xieng Khuang province.

The training has been organised by the Sibounheuang Bomb Clearance Co. Ltd., with the support of the Lao National Unexploded Ordnance Programme in Xieng Khuang province. The objective is to train up more people in the detection, clearance and destruction of UXO, which lie in the ground in large numbers after intense aerial bombardment during the Indochina War. The training session began on November 21 and will end this week. A group of 13 people are learning about the basics of First Aid, the dangers of UXO, the use of metal detectors, and field operations .

Company Director Mr So mphan Sibounheuang said he was very proud that Minister to the Government Office Mr Bounheuang Duangphachanh, who is President of the National Regulatory Authority for the UXO/Mine Action Sector in Laos, came to observe a training session on the fourth day of the course. He thanked the government for their continuing support and interest in the company's work.

Even though the training course was short, he hoped it would be a useful contribution to UXO clearance. He explained that the widespread presence of UXO was hindering development in many areas.

Mr Somphan said the trainees would receive a certificate and then go to work in Ta-Oy district, Saravan province, where the company is running a clearance programme for a plantation project. Sibounheuang Bomb Clearance Co., Ltd. is a private company run by Lao nationals and employing Lao technicians, and is based in Paek district, Xieng Khuang province. The company was set up in 2010 and plays an important role in UXO clearance.


By Phoonsab Thevongsa
(Latest Update November 29, 2011)

Monday, November 28, 2011

Minister monitors UXO clearance in Xieng Khuang

Thousands of people in Xieng Khuang province are benefiting from the clearance of UXO, but many bombs still remain buried in the ground, the national UXO clearance body has reported.

Minister to the Government Office Mr Bounheuang Duangphachan, who is President of the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) for UXO/Mine Action Sector in Laos, last week headed a visit to the province to monitor the progress of UXO clearance.

As part of the trip, Mr Bounheuang attended a meeting to discuss a pilot project for the use of specialised equipment to detect and destroy bombies (cluster bombs) at the Xieng Khuang provincial Administrative Office.

The meeting discussed the objectives and history of the project, use of the equipment, and how to run the project to ensure maximum benefit.

Mr Bounheuang said the widespread presence of UXO has been a barrier to poverty reduction for many decades. Laos now has to shoulder the burden of erasing the deadly legacy of the Indochina War, during which more than 2 million tonnes of ordnance was dropped on the country between 1964 and 1973.

Since liberation was achieved in 1975, the people of Xieng Khuang and other provinces have had to suffer the daily inflictions forced on them by UXO, which remain a deadly threat. Xieng Khuang was one of the most heavily bombed provinces in Laos, which has caused a large number of deaths and injuries, and is a severe barrier to development.

Mr Bounheuang said UXO was hindering socio-economic development in 15 provinces, and 300-400 people were dying in UXO-related accidents each year.

In recent decades, Xieng Khuang has received considerable financial and technical support from international organisations and governments, but so far only 0.28 percent of UXO-contaminated areas have been cleared. The government is trying to source more funding and technical support to accelerate clearance.

President of the Xieng Khuang Regulatory Authority for UXO/Mines Mr Khampian Sinuanthong said "Through this pilot project we hope that clearance will move faster through the use of a vehicle that is specially designed to locate and destroy bombs. This is the first pilot project run by the NRA in conjunction with the Japan Mine Action Service. Funding and technical support from Komatsu worth more than US$100,000 has been provided, with Xieng Khuang selected for the five month project which will start in January.”

Mr Bounheuang and his team also observed the work of the UK-based Mines Advisory Group and the offices of the Xieng Khuang Regulatory Authority for UXO/Mines to see the progress made in UXO clearance. They also observed a training session on bomb clearance hosted by the SBH Bomb Clearance Co., Ltd.


By Phoonsab Thevongsa
(Latest Update November 28, 2011)

Thursday, November 24, 2011

US renews aid for UXO survivors


The US government will continue to help Laos to enhance its capacity to provide medical aid to unexploded ordnance (UXO) accident survivors.

The US State Department's Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement has agreed to renew its commitment to support World Education, an international non-profit organisation working to assist UXO victims in Xekong and Xieng Khuang provinces.

The provinces were some of the most heavily bombed areas in Laos during the Indochina War in the 1960s and 1970s. Although the war ended more than three decades ago, UXO continues to injure and kill innocent people, particularly farmers.

World Education Country Director Mr Mark Gorman and Physi cal Medicine Rehabilitation Centre Director Dr Thongchanh Thepsomphou signed a memorandum of understanding on November 15 in Xekong province to continue a cooperation project to assist UXO accident survivors in the two provinces.

US Ambassador to Laos Ms Karen Stewart and a number of government officials attended the event.
According to a media release from the US Embassy, the main goal of the project is to improve the capacity of the health care system to provide emergency medical care for survivors of UXO accidents.
Through the project, emergency medical care will be improved by initial and follow-up training to support doctors, nurses, lab technicians and village health volunteers. The project will upgrade emergency medical equipment and supplies in hospitals and sub-district health centres and provide emergency supplies and manuals to village health volunteers.

The project will also upgrade hospital systems for revolving drug supplies, record keeping, discharge plans for patients, and follow up support and monitoring for UXO victim patients.

World Education aims to strengthen first aid and emergency response training at hospitals and medical facilities at the provincial, district, sub-district and village levels in Xekong province. It also provides refresher training for emergency response medical staff at province, district and sub-district health centres in Xieng Khuang province as well as improving orthopaedic services for UXO and landmine accident victims.

According to UXO Lao, around 12,000 UXO-related accidents have occurred in the country since 1973. Data gathered by UXO Lao in areas where it operates from 1999 to present show 934 casualties, comprising 655 injuries and 279 deaths.

The data also indicates more than 50 percent of the victim s are children and more than 81 percent are male. Sub-cluster munitions (known locally as bombies) are the most common cause of accidents. Actual UXO accidents nationwide may be more than this as UXO Lao only receives reports of UXO accidents in areas it operates in. 



By Times Reporters
(Latest Update November 24, 2011)

Tuesday, November 15, 2011

Children protection for UXO risk groups promoted

(KPL) Savannakhet – A training course on “promoting action for child protection: unexploded ordnance risk education for children in Savannakhet province was opened early this month.

The training course is held under the cooperation between the National Regulatory Authority for the UXO/Mine Action Sector in the Lao PDR (NRA), the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare and the Provincial Labour and Social Welfare Division of Savannakhat.


It is designed to leverage resources and action for women and children affected by unexploded ordnance (UXO), minimize deaths and injuries, reduce social and economic impacts, and support development in severely contaminated areas of the country through UXO risk education and victim assistance. It will promote the rights of UXO survivors and children affected by UXO through assistance to networks of persons with disabilities.

“This work is every important and promotes children’s rights in Laos particularly, in five target districts of Kaysone, Champhone, Outhoumphone, Songkhone and Sayphouthong in Savannakhet province,” said chair of the meeting, Mr. Phoukhiao Chanthrasomboune.

Additionally, the training is designed for equipping the trainees with knowledge of the collaboration between relevant sectors at all levels.

Mr. Phoukhuil also urged relevant sectors to participate in raising public awareness of the danger of unexploded ordnances and promote preventive measures, especially amongst people at risk such as scavengers and farmers.

Source: KPL Lao News Agency
By Soulaphone Kanyaphim
November 15, 2011

Tuesday, November 8, 2011

Project to pilot use of vehicles in UXO clearance

The Japan Mine Action Service (JMAS) will begin to use vehicles for unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance for the first time in Laos starting in January.

Mr Phoukhiew Chanthasomboun ( left ) and JMAS representative Mr Junichi Kurokawa shake hands after signing the memorandum of understanding.
The pilot project for mechanical unexploded sub-munitions clearance will be conducted in Xieng Khuang province from January to May.
The Komatsu Company from Japan has provided a vehicle for UXO clearance activities under the project worth about US$1 million through the JMAS.

Last Friday, the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) and JMAS sig ned a memorandum of understanding on US$100,000 worth of funding for the pilot project. Komatsu is also providing funding support for the pilot project.

NRA Director Mr Phoukhiew Chanthasomboun said that many countries use unmanned vehicles in UXO clearance activities, but mostly for mines rather than sub-munitions.

While some countries do use vehicles to clear sub-munitions, there is no reliable data on exactly how effective vehicles are at clearing sub-munitions, he noted.

“We are not sure if vehicles will be effective for UXO clearance in Laos, but the pilot project will provide us with a better idea,” he said.

The Lao National Unexploded Ordnance Pro-gramme (UXO Lao) typically uses 9 to 11 people to clear UXO from one hectare, a process that takes almost two months. UXO Lao also spends between US$1,800 and US$2,500 to clear a hectare of land, depending on the degree of contamination.

According to the NRA, the JMAS began unexploded ordnance clearance activities in Xieng Khuang province in 2006.

The JMAS aims to implement its project activities in cooperation with the government's UXO Lao programme, helping the people of the province to enjoy a safe and peaceful life in a developing environment.
The technical support provided by the organisation helps to build a future for UXO-affected communities by reducing the number of accident victims so that the province can embark on a successful path to development.
Xieng Khuang is one of the most highly UXO-contaminated areas in Laos. Every year more than 50 people are killed or injured by bombs buried in the ground. About 40 percent are children.

However, in Laos the number of UXO casualties is expected to have fallen from over 300 in 2008 to less than 75 a year by 2015. The number of casualties before 2008 is estimated to have averaged 304 per year, while in 2009 and 2010 the figure was less than 117 per year and is estimated to be 87 this year.

Altogether, 98 of the country's 143 districts are contaminated with UXO. Furthermore, 41 of the 45 poorest districts are heavily contaminated, which is hampering development in these areas.

By 2015, Laos aims to clear 12,500 hectares of contaminated land, of which more than 11,800 hectares will be used for agriculture and the other 600 hectares for other forms of development.

More than 28,000 hectares of UXO-contaminated land have been cleared since 1996. By 2020 the country aims to have cleared UXO from 200,000 hectares of land.

It is estimated that out of the 2 million tonnes of bombs, including 288 million cluster bombs, that were dropped on Laos between 1964 and 1973, about 30 percent did not detonate.

During this time, a total of 580,000 deadly bombing missions were conducted. That averages out at one bombing mission every eight minutes around the clock for nine years.

By Khonesavanh Latsaphao
(Latest Update November 08, 2011)

Friday, October 28, 2011

US bolsters UXO clearance in Xieng Khuang, Khammuan


The Mines Advisory Group (MAG) Laos and the United States Department of State's Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement are continuing their history of successful partnership in Xieng Khuang and Khammuan provinces with a new 12 month unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance project worth US$1.4 million.
Mr Phoukhieo Chanthasomboun ( left ) and Mr David Horrocks shake hands after signing the MOU.
A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) and MAG Laos was signed yesterday in Vientiane.

NRA Director Mr Phoukhieo Chanthasomboun and MAG Country Director Mr David Horrocks jointly signed the document witnessed by US Ambassador to Laos Ms Karen Stewart and officials from the two provinces and MAG.

The project will be carried out in Phaxay, Khoun, Thathom and Nonghaet districts of Xieng Khuang province, as well as Ghommalath, Mahaxay and Bualapha districts of Khammuan province, focusing on conducting a survey for prioritisation of UXO clearance to support socio-economic development activities.

The project has built upon the success of previous projects funded by the Department of State's Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement. Partnerships with numerous development organisations will enable MAG Laos to ensure that these clearance outputs become development outcomes.

MAG is a British non-government organisation which started operations in Laos in 1994. MAG operations in Laos are highly recognised by the Lao government.

“Since the beginning of its operations in the country, MAG Laos has been working hard to liaise with donors for funding to support its UXO clearance activities which benefit local communities, reduce injuries and deaths from dangerous UXO. In the same way UXO clearance enables local communities to access more safe land,” said Mr Phoukieo at the signing ceremony.

Since 1996, funding from the US government to support UXO clearance in Laos has reached US$30 million.
Mr Phoukhieo, represen-ting the NRA and the Lao government, expressed gratitude and thanks to the US government for its support of socio-economic development in Laos.

In his remarks at the ceremony, Mr Horrocks said extensive UXO spread across a wide swathe of the country not only poses a risk to people carrying out normal activities such as farming, but also prevents or delays development activities and indeed adds to their cost.

Through the work of five UXO clearance teams, significant amounts of contaminated land will be cleared of UXO, he said, adding that, ultimately, the project will contribute to the Lao government's poverty eradication strategy and Millennium Development Goal No. 9.

Ms Stewart expressed her hope that the MOU would help to ensure the continuation of vital clearance work and activities that will allow Lao children to attend school in a safe environment, return land to communities for agriculture and other economic development, and allow construction of infrastructure such as better road access to healthcare facilities.

By Times Reporters
(Latest Update October 28, 2011)

Wednesday, October 19, 2011

200,000 ha Planned to be Free UXOs by 2020

UXO_Clear_2020
KPL News - Laos plans to scrap off the UXOs on 200,000 ha land by 2020, said a senoir official.

By 2015, more than 12,500 ha of contaminated areas will be free, of which 11,800 hectares will be able to use for agricultural production and other 600 hectares for other farms of development.

Over 50,000 Lao people have been fallen to UXOs victims from 1964-2008, of which 60 percent were killed and 40 percent injured.

The Cluster Munitions is a convention for prohibiting all use, stockpiling, production and transfer of Cluster Munitions.

Lao government is focusing on clearance of cluster munitions in Laos to make the safe lands for people to farm, said Mr. Phoukhiew.

Over 2 million tonnes of ordnance was dropped on Laos between 1964.
Laos is the most heavily bombed country in the world per capita, after over 270 million cluster munitions were dropped on the country during the war from 1964 to 1973.

He said that more than 80 million items of cluster munitions are scattered in 14 out of 17 provinces of countrywide out of 87,000 square kilometers or about 1/3 of total area in the country.

41 districts out of 46 poorest districts in Laos have UXO contamination, according the National Survey of UXO victim and accident phase 1. Of this 20,000 people, some 13,500 lost a limb, 25% of total casualties were in Savannakhet province, and 12% of total casualties were in Xiengkhoung province.

Over the last decade (1996-2008) there have been approximately 300 new casualties annually, but it fell down to 117 people in the period of 2009-2010.

UXO/Mine action operations, over the period 1996 to August 2011, have 1,315,433 items of UXO destroyed, including 6,154 big bombs, 537088 cluster sub-munitions, 6,609 mines and 765,582 other UXO items.

Over 27,400 hectares of land cleared of this figure, of which 19,138 hectares were use for agricultural and 8,297 hectares were use for development.

Tuesday, October 18, 2011

Development partners sign up to reduce UXO threat in Savannakhet

The European Commission (EC), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), French Development Agency (AFD) and Handicap International have provided more than 1.2 million euros in support of the Lao government's efforts to reduce the impact of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in Savannakhet province.

Mr Phoukhieo Chanthasomboun and Ms Anne Rouve-Khiev shake hands after signing the memorandum of understanding . --Photo Sangkhomxay
DA memorandum of understanding (MOU) for the support was signed yesterday in Vientiane between the Lao National Regulatory Authority (NRA) and Handicap International. NRA Director Mr Phoukhieo Chanthasomboun and Country Director of Handicap International Laos Ms Anne Rouve-Khiev signed the MOU.

The assistance will go towards implementing a project from 2011 to 2012 in 53 villages in Xepon, Nong, and Vilabouly districts with the aim of protecting children, their families and communities from the UXO threat by focusing on roving and area clearance, risk reduction and community liaison, and district focus surveys.

The two-year MOU is a con tinuation of many years of collaboration between the NRA, authorities and communities in Savannakhet province and Handicap International, which has resulted in substantial achievements over past years.

“I was very impressed by the qua lity of the feedback we received from all our partners regarding our past intervention and was very pleased with the quality of dialogue between our teams, the local authorities and the National Regulator y Authority,” said Ms Rouve-Khiev.

As a major donor, the EU has, through the EU budget and bilateral assistance from 13 EU member countries, supported the UXO sector in Laos with a total estimated amount of more than 21 million euros.

Acting EU Charge d'Affaires to Laos Dr Stefan Lock said the EU is committed to continuing the efforts of Laos and supporting the achievement of Millennium Development Goal No. 9.

He added that the EU is currently finalising a new project which will aim to reduce the impacts of UXO on rural livelihoods and rural development.

Mr Phoukhieo expressed appreciation for the achievements brought about by cooperation efforts in past years and thanked the development partners for their support, adding that the NRA has learned from previous evolutions of the project and Handicap International has coordinated well to implement the project in Savannakhet province.

By T imes Reporters
(Latest Update October 18, 2011)

Monday, October 17, 2011

Almost 100 people killed or injured by UXO this year



A nationwide survey on victims of unexploded ordnance (UXO) conducted from January to September has revealed that 16 people died and 81 were injured this year, according to the National Regulatory Authority (NRA).

“We help UXO victims by paying hospital fees and providing wheelchairs and pr osthetic limbs,” NRA's Victim Assistance Unit Head Mr Bountao Chanthavongsa, said on Friday.

About 8,747 villages across the country are affected by UXO and, since 2008, more than 500 people have been killed or injured by explosions.

Mr Bountao said more than 50,000 people were killed or injured between 1964 and 2007 and UXO still claims about 300 victims a year.

Most of the bombs explode when farmers are clearing land, when villagers try to collect bombs so they can sell the scrap metal, or when children unwittingly play with UXO.

An official working at the rehabilitation centre in Savannakhet province, Mr Paeng Xayaphet, said there have been about 250 victims of past UXO accidents from Nong, Vilabouly, Xepon, Xayphouthong, Outhoumphone and Kaysone Phomvihane districts.

“We do not charge them for rehabilitation, education or accommodation and we pay for round-trip transportation between their house and the centre,” he said.

The rehabilitation centre is running a project to provide primary school education and vocational training for UXO victims.

Phase1 of the project began in 2006 and phase 2 runs from May 2010 to November 2011. Project funding, provided by Handicap International Belgium, amounts to more than 3.2 billion kip (about US$402,000).
Mr Paeng said the centre only has a primary school but on completion students can attend the Sikeud Vocational School or the Lao-Korea Vocational School in Vientiane.

“They can choose whether or not to continue their education in Vientiane. We don't send them there if they don't want to go,” he added.

It is mostly people with leg injuries that choose to go to vocational schools because it is easier for them to learn a skill if they still have the use of their hands, he explained .

Other accident victims prefer to run a small business in their village such as a shop. In these cases the project offers them a one-year, interest free loan of 1 million kip, which gives the recipient time to get established before having to pay back the loan, Mr Paeng said.

Some victims find work in the province as cleaners, maids, weavers or in television repair after finishing primary school.

Laos is the most heavily bombed country per capita in history, with up to 25 percent of its villages contaminated with UXO.

From 1964 to 1973, over 2 million tonnes of ordnance were dropped on Laos by enemy aircraft. With around 30 percent of munitions failing to explode on impact, about 80 million devices are still thought to remain.

By Khonesavanh Latsaphao
(Latest Update October 17 , 2011)

Friday, October 7, 2011

UXO clearance body switches ministries


The National Regulatory Authority (NRA) now falls under the authority of the Ministry to the Government Office in line with prime ministerial decree No. 164.
Mr Bounheuang Duangphachanh shakes hands with Ms Onechanh Thammavong after signing documents on the new status of the National Regulatory Authority.
Minister to the Government Office and President of the National Leading Committee for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation Mr Bounheuang Duangphachanh will now serve as Vice Chairman of the NRA, replacing Minister of Labour and Social Welfare Ms Onechanh Thammavong in that capacity.

The focus of the NRA's work will continue to be the clearance of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and accident victim assistance.
“Under the Ministry to the Government Office, we hope the NRA will be able to conduct some activities faster, especially in regards to UXO clearance,” Mr Bounheuang said at a ceremony to announce the changes to organisational structure yesterday.

Of the more than 2 million tonnes of bombs, including 280 million cluster bombs, that were dropped on Laos during the Indochina War from 1964 to 1973, about 30 percent did not detonate. To eradicate poverty and improve standards of living, especially in rural areas, the clearance of UXO is a priority issue.

UXO clearance is slow at present because workers have difficulty differentiating UXO from other metal objects buried in the ground. More than 28,000 hectares of contaminated land have been cleared since 1996.
Mr Bounheuang said NRA staff should not worry about the move from one ministry to another. There will be no changes in personnel and the NRA office will remain in its present location, he noted.
The NRA was established in 2004, in a bid to expedite UXO clearance throughout the country, Ms Onechanh said.

About 35 years after the war, Lao people continue to be severely affected by the post-conflict consequences, especially from the unexploded bombs dropped on Lao territory.

These are spread all over the country and continue to wreak havoc on the lives of rural people.
UXO has become an obstacle to livelihood activities, the country's development and continues to threaten the way of life of people whose lives depend on farming. It also has severe detrimental effects on the government's poverty eradication efforts and attempts to develop the nation, Ms Onechanh said.

Lao people have a strong desire for land that is free from UXO so that they can use the land to make a living, build homes and schools and set up safe places for sports activities.

In 2004 the government approved a National Strategic Plan for the UXO programme for 2003-13, called the Safe Path Forward. Now the NRA is drafting a new strategy plan for the 2013-2020 period.
Ms Onechanh said there are currently 15 UXO clearance agencies operating in Laos, including the Lao National UXO Programme (UXO Lao).


By Khonesavanh Latsaphao
(Latest Update October 07 , 2011)

Saturday, September 24, 2011

Decades-Old Bombs Still a Threat to Laos



Posted on Sep 24, 2011
U.S. Army / Bradley C. Church

Village workers help U.S. Air Force members clear trees and brush from a Vietnam War-era crash site in the Boualapha province of Laos in 2007.
Last week, delegates from dozens of countries traveled to Beirut to talk about Laos, where decades after the Vietnam War there are still an estimated 80 million unexploded bombs scattered across fields and forests.
Each year, the live remnants of U.S. cluster bombs kill or injure 300 Laotians, many of them children. And the bombs are of particular danger to farmers, who risk their lives every time they plow a new plot.
The delegates convened to try to persuade other nations to join a year-old international treaty to rid the world of stockpile cluster munitions. But the U.S., the nation that rained cluster bombs on Laos so many years ago and, according to some authorities, the largest producer of the deadly devices, did not join the conference in Lebanon and has declined to sign the treaty. —BF

Global treaty pushes U.S. and others to ban cluster bombs


PHONSAVAN, Laos—Liangkham Laphommavong has one of the world’s most dangerous jobs.
Her 9-year-old son knows this and protested when, at the start of a recent morning, Laphommavong set off to join a crew of 17 other women who routinely put their lives at risk.

Throughout Laos, people like Laphommavong tramp into bucolic rice paddies, woods and rolling hills—landscapes that belie the hazards of their jobs. Laphommavong is a bomb sweeper, covering terrain, inch by perilous inch, in search of unexploded ordnance.

There are an estimated 80 million unexploded bombs scattered around Laos—still-lethal remnants of a secret war against communists waged by U.S. forces four decades ago.

In one suspect field, Laphommavong was armed only with her nerves and a hand-held bomb detector. Her face was expressionless and tense as she fixed her gaze on the ground. In black boots, she stepped deliberately through a fallow rice field; her detector beeped steadily as it glided over patches of barren earth and clumps of grass.

In the year that she’s worked as a sweeper, Laphommavong’s detector has passed over numerous suspicious objects. When the tool’s beeps quicken, so does the beat of her heart, signaling it's time to get on her knees and, with a small trowel, dig carefully for what lurks beneath.

“I am afraid all the time,” the 32-year-old single mother said, through an interpreter. “We are careful every time we take a step. We always think there could be a bomb.”

By most accounts, Laos is the most bombed country per capita in history. U.S warplanes dropped 270 million explosives on Laos during more than a half-million missions during the Vietnam War. U.S. officials say more bombs were dropped on Laos than were unleashed on Japan and Germany, combined, during World War II. Most of the bombs were cluster munitions designed to spread damage by scattering arsenals of smaller bomblets.

Nearly a third of those bombs never exploded.
Last week, delegates from dozens of countries convened in Beirut, Lebanon, to push other nations, including the United States, to join a year-old international treaty that would eradicate the global stockpile of cluster munitions.

More than 100 countries have joined the treaty , but some of the world’s largest cluster bomb producers—including the United States, China and Russia—have declined to sign on.

The symbolism was inescapable last year when the Convention on Cluster Munitions chose Laos to host the first meeting of the treaty’s signatories and issue a self-described “political declaration” seeking an end to cluster bombs.

Laos pays a price

Each year, 300 Laotians die or are injured because of U.S bombs. The explosives remain a particular menace to farmers who risk death or serious injury when they plow into what could be minefields.
Government officials refer to unexploded ordnance as UXOs. Across Laos, villagers and school children know them simply as “bombies.”

Dormant bombs lie in wait under fallen forest leaves, lodged among river rocks, nestled in weeds or strewn across pastures. They are scattered along roads, in streams, near schools and within villages.
About half the casualties from UXOs are children who mistake dart-shaped bombs or baseball-sized ordnance for toys.

In May, three children, between 9 and 11 years old, died when they came across a bomb while foraging for bamboo in Savannakhet Province, an area hard hit during the war because of its proximity to Vietnam and the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

Seven years ago in another heavily bombed area, a UXO killed four boys who were walking home from school. Among the victims was Pheng Souvanthone’s 11-year-old brother.

Today Souvanthone leads the all-woman crew assembled by the U.K.-based humanitarian group MAG—Mines Advisory Group—one of a handful of outside organizations helping the Lao government clear UXOs.

During a break from a sweep of a rice field, Souvanthone talked about the accident that killed her brother. It was so long ago, but she said that even when she's working with her crew to clear bombs, memories of him sit in the back of her mind.

As Souvanthone's team worked, villagers nearby went about their usual tasks. One woman paid little heed to the sweepers, uniformed in green coveralls and floppy wide-brimmed hats. A young man walked casually through the fields as he returned home from nearby woods, gathering vegetables.

Bombies strike unexpectedly

Children learn about the bombies at an early age, some through tragedy and others in the classroom. In school they are taught to recognize bombs and be mindful of their surroundings, where they step and where they play. Should they run across a bombie, they are instructed to keep their distance.

In another village, Ladoune—he goes only by his family name—recalled his own experiences with UXOs. He knew there were lots of bombs outside his village. He smiled briefly as he remembered his childhood, roaming the woods and fields near his village. He once came across a bombie and stepped away, like he was taught in school.

The lesson, though, didn’t protect him as an adult. One day last fall, a bomb exploded in his face as he stoked a backyard fire. How could he know, he said, that a UXO lay buried just feet from his family’s home?
Ladoune lost an eye and a finger.

Ladoune is in his early 20s. His vision is mostly destroyed and his future is uncertain. He wonders how he will care for his wife and two young children.

There were assurances of help from the government and aid agencies but none materialized, he said. He’s still waiting for a promised glass eye.

“Who do I blame? What’s the use?” he asked.
For years, U.S. officials had denied that its warplanes ever crossed into Laos during the Vietnam War.
“There was never a clear declaration that the war took place, let alone that there was this extensive bombing,” said Channapha Khamvongsa, executive director of the Washington-based group Legacies of War. “The extent of the bombing was so vast,” she said.

Today, though, on its online backgrounder on Laos, the U.S. State Department sums it up this way: “For
nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to extremely heavy bombing as the U.S. sought to interdict the portion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos. Unexploded ordnance, particularly cluster munitions, remains a major problem.”

In 1996, the U.S. Air Force released records of its bombing missions in Laos, from 1964 to 1973, allowing the Laotian government and aid groups to pinpoint searches for unexploded bombs.

Pressure to do more

Since 1994, recovery teams have found about a million bombs, after sweeping through less than 90 square miles in a country roughly the size of Minnesota. About three-quarters of Laos may yet have UXOs.

The Lao government has refrained from publicly criticizing the United States, deferring to the international community—and critics within the United States—to pressure Washington to do more.

In a letter to the State Department, six former U.S. ambassadors and delegates to Laos joined Legacies of War this summer to urge Congress to commit $100 million over the next 10 years for the bomb-eradication program. They tried unsuccessfully to get Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to visit Laos and address the UXO issue during her recent swing through Southeast Asia.

Despite international pressure, U.S. officials also didn’t make a trip last November to Vientiane, Laos’ capital city, where delegates from dozens of countries rolled out the cluster bomb treaty.

Just prior to the historic meeting in Vientiane, the U.S. government issued a statement saying it was “committed to reducing the impact of explosive remnants of war on civilians worldwide.”

The U.S. government said that since 1993 it has spent more than $51 million on UXOs and landmines in Laos, with $16 million given within the past three years. It also noted that the U.S. Department of Defense has trained and equipped bomb clearance teams.

The United States contributes about half of the financial aid coming from the international community, but is under pressure to spend more on an effort that is far from complete.

For years, Laos insisted it could deal with UXOs alone, dismissing international offers of aid. Later, however, officials conceded they needed help.

Deadly dots on a map

At the Lao government’s UXO office in Xieng Khouang Province, a huge map is blotted in red, each red dot signifying a bomb drop on Laos. In some spots the ink bleeds from a heavy concentration of dots.
One of those places is Xieng Khouang Province.

The World Heritage Site known as the Plain of Jars is located here and bears scars of U.S. air strikes. Many of its famous huge, ancient stone containers sustained heavy damage.

Recovery teams have swept most of the site for unexploded ordnance, but signs still warn visitors to remain only in areas designated bomb-free.

Around Phonsavan, the province’s largest city, huge salvaged casings of American bombs are featured attractions along the busy main street. A line of missiles, some of them towering more than six feet, serves as fencing in front of homes.

This city is home to a UXO information center, where tourists, including U.S. military veterans, learn about the human toll caused by the U.S. bombing.

Kinghpet Phimmavong, provincial coordinator for the government’s bomb clearance operations in Xieng Khouang, could only laugh when asked how long it will take to rid his country of the unwanted bombs.

“It depends on us getting more funds to get more people to work looking for bombies,” he said, “so it goes faster.”

Friday, September 16, 2011

Laos lends muscle to cluster sub-munitions convention meeting



Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr Thongloun Sisoulith and his delegation are attending the Second Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on Cluster Sub-munitions in Beirut, Lebanon, from September 12-16.

Dr Thongloun was chair at the First Meeting of States Parties of the Convention on Cluster Sub-munitions, held last November in Vientiane.

At the second meeting, the Lao delegation was praised by other States Parties, international organisations and non-government organisations for successfully carrying out its chairmanship role during the first meeting.
At this week's meeting the Lao delegation has undertaken the role of vice-chairman and cluster sub-munitions coordinator - an Oslo treaty obligation.

At the beginning of the meeting, Dr Thongloun handed over the role of chairman to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants of the Republic of Lebanon Dr Adnan Mansour, which he will fullfil until the third meeting in 2012.

Laos' profile has received a significant boost in the international political arena since the first meeting. More countries and international organisations are now aware of the uphill struggle the country faces trying to clear UXO, and donors have increased as a result.

At the first meeting in Vientiane, the Vientiane Declaration was agreed by the States Parties and a Vientiane Action Plan was drawn up to further the implementation work agreed in the Oslo treaty.

UXO clearance, victim assistance, risk education and international cooperation in mine clearance were priority obligations identified in the Vientiane Declaration.

Meanwhile, Laos still struggles to educate people about the dangers of cluster sub-munitions in the areas affected.

As a result of Laos' work lobbying other countries, the number of States Parties to the convention increased from 46 to 63 during Laos' chairmanship.


By Times Reporters (Latest Update September 16, 2011)

Wednesday, September 7, 2011

Savannakhet sees progress in UXO clearance



More than 9,000 people in Savannakhet province have benefited from an unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance project by Handicap International, according to an evaluation meeting held at the provincial administration office on Monday.


The meeting's participants evaluated the progress of the Integrated UXO Threat Reduction project's three main activities - clearance, risk education and community liaising - and discussed challenges and achievements that took place in 2009-2010.


The project has cleared about 623,000 m2 of land of which 55 percent was designated for agriculture and 45 percent for development. In addition, about 30,000 people took part in risk education activities and about 60 families benefited from an initiative to clear UXO from household garden plots.


The main funding for the work was provided through the European Union and UNICEF and focused on the three most contaminated areas in the province - Sepon, Vilabouly and Nong districts.


The project's goal was to contribute to poverty reduction in UXO affected villages through risk removal, which provides opportunities for increased agricultural production and improves access to essential services including healthcare and education.


Vice Chairman of the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) for the UXO/Mine Action Sector in Laos and Minister to the Government Office, Mr Bounheuang Duangphachanh, said UXO clearance is one of the most important and urgent tasks for rural area development and poverty reduction.


“UXO remains a major problem in Laos because it hampers socio-economic development in 15 provinces and continues to cause the death and injury of innocent people.”


“I'm happy with the result of the meeting and the project's progress. We have agreed to Handicap International's continued assistance in implementing the next phase of the project in Savannakhet province in 2011-2012,” he said.


After the meeting, the NRA delegation and staff from the Savannakhet Administration office traveled to Sepon district to meet villagers affected by UXO and survey clearance sites.


Unfortunately, the effects of cli mate change, a lack of road access to clearance sites and iron ore deposits and discarded scrap metal have slowed the progress of the mission, according to survey technician and project mana ger Mr Kingkeo Boualiphavong.


Some villagers purchased bomb scanning equipment to search for UXO themselves so they could clear their land for farming.
Sadly, the farmers' lack of experience and knowledge concerning proper removal and detonation methods has resulted in a number of fatalities and casualties, a representative from Nong district said.


Savannakhet is the most UXO contaminated province in Laos and, despite concerted efforts by provincial authorities and non-governmental organisations, unexploded ordnance remains a serious threat to the safety of local people and to development.




By Phoonsab Thevongsa 
(Latest Update September 7 , 2011)

Tuesday, September 6, 2011

U.S. Senior Defense Official visits Laos to discuss increased bilateral cooperation

(KPL) Brig. Gen. Richard Simcock, Principal Director for South and Southeast Asia in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, visited Vientiane, Laos from August 31-September 3 for a series of meetings with the Ministries of National Defense, Foreign Affairs, and members of the U.S. country team to highlight the growing U.S.-Laos bilateral defense relationship.
Richard Simcock - Chansamone Chanyalath
Richard Simcock, left, meets Major General Chansamone Chanyalath in Vientiane Capital.

Brig. Gen. Simcock met Vice-Minister of National Defense, Maj. Gen. Chansamone Chanyalath, and Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Alounkeo Kittikhoun.


Discussions during these meeting focused on opportunities for future cooperation in the areas of unexploded ordnance removal, military medical cooperation, humanitarian assistance, and English language training.
Throughout his visit, Brig. Gen. Simcock underscored the U.S. Department of Defense’s continued commitment to working with the Lao People’s Army on humanitarian issues that contribute to regional peace and stability.

Brig. Gen. Simcock will visit the Lao Foreign Affairs Institute on Friday, September 2, to meet Lao diplomats and military officers and present remarks on “U.S. Defense Engagement in Asia”.

He will also meet Director of the National Regulatory Authority for UXO/Mine Action, Mr. Phoukieo Chanthasomboune, to discuss implementation of a program through the NRA to provide assistance and support for the Lao People’s Army in their efforts to contribute to humanitarian UXO removal in Laos.
Source: KPL Lao News Agency
September 06, 2011

Saturday, September 3, 2011

The waiting day arrives


As she skipped along the footpath paved with broken bricks with her baby in her arms, Nhai sung out loud to the sky, the trees and anyone else who cared to listen. There was something magical and carefree about the morning sky today, and she made her way happily back towards the house, singing all the way.


Then suddenly she caught herself as a painful memory stabbed her like a pang of guilt. She stood in the shade underneath a kok ta kop tree and thought for a while. What am I doing skipping down the road like a teenager? People will think I'm mad. I have a family now and a job as well. Responsibility bore down on her with a sudden weight, as she thought about her job.

Nhai stroked her baby's hair as she reflected for a while. There were some days when the responsibilities were too much, when she would rather work a normal office job. But those days were few and far between, she checked herself, as she wiped that thought from her mind. Her job might be dangerous, but she was saving lives every day.

She worked clearing unexploded ordnance, the deadly legacy of a nine-year war the world never knew about. And now she was the head of her clearance team. She was in command of the lives of those around her as they fought to make the land safe for the villagers to farm.

Nhai sat down with her baby on a wooden bench in the middle of the yard. She looked up into the sky above the kok ta kop tree, its deep green leaves filtering the light. She watched the fairy floss clouds that floated past, pushed by a gentle breeze. It was hard to imagine that death rained down from such a peaceful place.

She thought back to six years ago, when she and her family lost her mother to one of those bombs. Her mother, a respected village elder and the woman who brought her into the world. The memory was as clear as day now, just like it happened yesterday. It was in the middle of June, under a cloudless sky, bright blue and perhaps a little harsh. Nhai was carrying a bag of food across the north side of the rice field when the sound of an explosion was heard coming from the west. Water droplets glittered in the air, and smoke drifted across the fields.

Nhai stood frozen to the spot, gazing over to the place where the bomb had exploded. Spot fires burned all around and an acrid smell was filling the air. She wondered if her father had detonated the bomb to clear the bamboo forest that bordered the rice fields and clear more land to farm. Then she started over in the direction of the bomb. She quickened her pace as she headed toward the edge of the rice field, with butterflies in her stomach.

The butterflies in her stomach turned to stone, when she reached the spot and saw her father holding her mother in his arms, her bodily hanging limp and covered in blood. Her father's face was contorted with a mixture of anger, urgency and fear, tears streaming down his it. He was shouting at her but his words sounded like they were coming from a mile away.

She just stood there staring; her legs jelly and about to collapse underneath her. She reached out and touched her mother, covered in blood a deep red the colour of a late afternoon sun. Her skin was burnt in places and the smell was stronger now, a mix of burning hair and a sickly sweet odour. Both of her legs were broken and the blast had torn her stomach open, her intestines spilling out onto the ground.

Her father's voice came back to her now. “Nhai, your mother got hit by a bombie! Go home quickly and get Uncle Pheng. Bring a motorcycle here. We have to get your mother to the hospital.” Nhai started screaming, until she thought her lungs would burst. “Somebody please help my mother. She's been hit by a bomb,” she screamed in vain.

The other villagers in the fields had dropped their tools and were coming running. They knew by now it wasn't just somebody blasting tree stumps or building a farm dam, it was one of those days that everybody prayed would never come. They swept Nhai's mother up into their arms, and started carrying her back to the village. Alas, half way back across the fields her broken body gave in. Caught by the full force of the blast, she never stood a chance against such a deadly weapon.

Her mother's funeral was held at the remote village temple. They had to wait a few days until all their relatives arrived, traveling from far and wide to come and pay their last respects. Nhai remembered the day well. Stricken with grief, people were crying and shaking their heads. How many people must keep on dying so many years after the war had ended?

Nhai managed a small prayer as she knelt beside her mother's coffin. “My dear mother! If your soul is alive, please watch over us and keep us safe from danger. I don't know what to do now that you are gone!” But a quiet determination burned in the back of her mind as she watched the flames of the funeral pyre, the smell taking her back to the smoking rice field.

Her baby's cries woke Nh ai with a start. She rocked her baby, letting the precious life in her arms wash away her dreams of death. “Cha! Cha! Go back to sleep in the cradle!” Nhai hung the cradle to a branch of the tree and whispered “Close your eyes, I will sing to you to sleep.” She went inside and placed some firewood under the soup pan, and came back to sit at the bench. It was afternoon now and the sky was a dark blue that told her rain was on the way. It reminded her of the first time she had gone to apply for a bomb disposal job.

The people in the villag e had shaken their heads at her, some with doubt, some with derision. “A woman should behave like a woman,” they said. “Bomb disposal is not a woman's job.” Who should be so ambitious, they whispered, besides she's had barely any education. Her own father had told her to withdraw her application, telling her it was shameful and that she should apply for a different job.

She wouldn't, she had told him. She would apply and reapply until somebody gave her a chance. And she stuck to her word. She applied for every job she saw advertised, and every company she had heard about. For a long time her letters went unanswered, but then one day someone gave her an interview.

“Do you know how many times you have applied for this job?” the man asked her. She told them that, yes, she had applied four times. She told them that she knew it was a dangerous job, but there was nothing else she wanted to do. “Bomb disposal means risking your life every second. If you do not learn all the things that need to be learnt, you could die very easily. Even then you are not in control,' the man told her with a stern look on his face. “Even if I die, I won't regret it,” she replied vehemently.

They told her that since she was so determined they would give her a ch ance. The villagers' doubts began to evaporate, when she told them she was to leave for the city to start her training programme. And since that day, Nhai never looked back. She studied hard, and took everything in. It seemed like yesterday when she left her village, Nhai had thought at her graduation ceremony, as she hugged her fellow students before they were sent off to their respective assignments. She had graduated top of her class.

Time flowed like water under the bridge, she thought as she sat in the garden. The bomb might have killed her mother, but it had given her a different direction in life. Had it not been for the bomb, she would more than likely be still working in the rice fields. There was no shame in that, she thought, but fate had chosen a different path for her, and now she was managing a bomb disposable unit, making life safer for villagers across the country.

A knock on the back door brought her back from her thoughts again. It was one of the people from her team. “Nhai, we've found another bomb not far from here,” she told her. “This one is a big one, and the project director wants you down there. We don't know how to disarm it without your help. Nhai stood up slowly and looked at her younger sister who was working away silently on silk weaving loom. “Somphou, please look after your nephew! I have to go to work. I will be back as soon as I can.”

As she walked out the door, she offered a silent prayer to her departed mother. Today I am going out to destroy one more of those horrible things that stole your life away, she told her, and I thank you from that. Today I am doing what I was born to do, and may your spirit watch over me and protect me from danger. Death and destruction have given me hope and opportunity, and every life that I might save is a blessing to you.

By Sengphouxay (Latest Update September 3 , 2011)